Melbourne City Academy Head Coach Anthony Frost on player development and pathways

Anthony Frost is a Qualified A/B/C License Instructor with expertise in player development, and is the Head Coach of the Melbourne City FC Academy.

Anthony Frost is a Qualified A/B/C License Instructor with expertise in player development, and is the Head Coach of the Melbourne City FC Academy. He’s also the Young Socceroos (Australian U20s) assistant coach, and has spent time at Football Victoria as a coaching instructor and skills development coach. He spoke to Soccerscene about Melbourne City’s talented youngsters, disruption to the Victorian football season, and developing better coaches in Australian football.

How did you become involved in coaching and Melbourne City?

Anthony Frost: Firstly, I started coaching after I had a pretty serious leg break when I was 22, and that meant my ambitions to play at a higher level got stopped in their tracks. It turned my attention to coaching, which was something that I had been interested in and enjoyed doing and after working in the UK during gap year I found that it was something that I was good at.  My line of thinking was that if you can’t have a playing career in football then coaching was something I was wanting to pursue. I went head-first into it and I tried to link my studies to football and coaching. I worked through my badges and was fortunate to get an opportunity to work full time as a development officer at Football Victoria which gave me exposure to working in state teams and coach development. From there, I was appointed as the Skillaroos Head Coach, which essentially was the start of the national player development pathway, back in the day before A-League academies were introduced. So I was working with the best under 13 boys in Victoria in a full time program that helped me refine my coaching craft.

Part of my professional development during that period was to get a better understanding of how players progressed from youth to senior football. One of my mentors – Ivan Jolic who was at Melbourne City at the time as an assistant – suggested that I go down to the club and just observe what they’re doing and get involved in whatever way I could. That led me to connect with Joe Palatsides, who was the head coach of the youth program at the time, and he welcomed me in. That was my initiation into Melbourne City, which looking back now was close to six years ago and I’m fortunate enough to now work in a full time coaching and coach development capacity within the academy.

Do you believe that the disruption we’ve seen to football in Victoria in the past two seasons will impact player development?

Anthony Frost: I think undeniably it will. Unfortunately, even despite the pandemic we don’t play enough competitive games so we’re mindful of the impact this could have on a players development but what we’ve tried to do is try is find ways that we can still turn a negative into a positive, and look at ways that we can continue to use this as a as an opportunity to develop other areas of a player’s game, or knowledge. We’ve looked to provide opportunities for individual technical training, tactical analysis, meetings that we’ve done with the group around certain tactical situations, or different types of formations or styles of play, or looking at certain players and their pathway in the game.

But also just from a psychological point of view, I feel as though that if a player can progress through this difficult period and have the ability to persevere despite setbacks and come out the other side stronger mentally, then potentially that’s a plus or a real positive that we might see from the current crop of players that have been impacted by the circumstances that we’re in. So yes, we’d love to be on the park, training, and playing but we have to try and find the positives where we can, and that’s the way we’re trying to frame the last two seasons with our current group.

How important is it to have a real pathway for youth teams into senior teams?

Anthony Frost: I think it’s fundamental. Belief is an incredible thing and if a player sees that others have progressed to that level when they’re given that chance, then players should be thinking, why not me? Why not have the belief that they’re capable of making that jump and being at that level as well. We’re fortunate enough to have seen players from the academy progress recently, and they’re the stories that we look to try and share with the players throughout our academy, and use as real examples that we can shine a light on them and their experiences, their pathway, what they’ve been through.

What we’ve found through the stories that those players have shared with us is that not everything goes to plan, and it’s how you best deal with setbacks, challenges, and hardship that’s going to be the real test of how you can push through to make it to the top level. But I think as we’ve seen in the last couple of seasons in the A-League, the more opportunities that are provided to young players the better, and we’ve found that the increase in match minutes for young players is having a huge impact on the progression of those players, both in the local game and also for our national team, and even those players and seeking opportunities overseas.

So I think if we needed a better advertisement of giving young players a chance, the past two seasons have been unbelievable for the young players taking their chances when time has been provided to them. That’s the key, you just need that chance, and hopefully that continues in the A-League.

How important is educating coaches on best practices and ensuring that young players are receiving the best coaching possible?

Anthony Frost: I think if we have the best coaches, then we’re in the best possible position to support our players to progress and have an incredible experience in the game. We want their time at a club to be some of the best times of their childhood. Football development is important but we also need to make sure that the psycho-social aspect of player development – which isn’t often as front and centre in formal coach development programs – should be a real focus for young coaches because we know that we have a responsibility to develop people and people who are prepared for life away from football.

At City, we want to make sure that’s a big part of how we support our coaches and that they’re aware of how to best equip young players not only on the park but also off it as well. We offer a lot of professional development opportunities, we have individual coach development plans that we consistently review, and we support coaches with their ambitions, their goals, and the things that they set out to achieve in the game. We’re also lucky enough to be a part of the City Football Group, where we have support from people within the group to help our coaches as well. We’ve seen in the last few years in particular that the club and group is not only committed to developing players, but also developing coaches who can progress to help achieve their ambitions, whether that’s being the best possible youth coach they can be, whether that’s the best possible assistant or senior coach, or a coach or working at international level. Our coach development program is fundamental to what we’re trying to do as a club. I said before that the players are only as good as the coaches that we have.

What needs to be done to ensure we develop better quality coaches at a national and state level?
 
Anthony Frost: There’s a number of factors involved there, including the formal and in-formal support systems in place for coaches at all levels of the game, but at the elite level I think it comes down to opportunities for coaches. I think it’s critical that there are more opportunities for coaches to work professionally within the game. What I found working in coach development is that if there’s no foreseeable pathway for developing passionate coaches, then fewer coaches will be able to commit themselves to the craft or see coaching as a long term career choice. The more professional opportunities there are and the more time a coach can commit to their own development, the better the coach.
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Football West and Persebaya Surabaya FC sign three-year MoU

Football West and Persebaya Surabaya FC have formalised their partnership by signing a three-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), marking a significant step in their collaboration.

The agreement was signed by Football West CEO Jamie Harnwell and Persebaya Surabaya CEO Azrul Ananda in the presence of Western Australia’s Minister for Sport and Recreation, David Templeman.

This MoU sets the foundation for a talent development and exchange program between Football West, the governing body of football in Western Australia, and Persebaya Surabaya FC, one of Indonesia’s top-tier football clubs.

As part of the agreement, plans are already in motion for Persebaya’s senior team to visit Western Australia next year. The club, currently leading Liga 1, Indonesia’s top football league, will participate in various football-related activities.

Football West’s relationship with Persebaya Surabaya dates back to 2018 when the Indonesian club’s youth team visited Perth for a three-match tour. The following year, Football West reciprocated by sending an Under 19 State team to Surabaya, where the visit was also a success.

Football West CEO Jamie Harnwell spoke in length on the importance of this partnership and their connection to Indonesia.

“Football West is delighted to renew our relationship with Persebaya Surabaya and we look forward to creating sporting and cultural opportunities through our shared love of football,” he said in a press release.

“Indonesia is a natural sporting partner for WA. Football is the No1 sport in Indonesia and we know from when we took our team to Surabaya in 2019 that they love Australian football.

“It has been a pleasure to host Azrul and his team this week, showing them several venues including the Sam Kerr Football Centre. We have had strong discussions about what we can achieve and it is very exciting.

“Football West’s Asian Engagement Strategy is a pillar of our Strategic Plan and this Memorandum of Understanding shows how committed we are in this area. We would like to thank Minister Templeman and the Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries for their ongoing support for Football West in developing these relations,” he concluded.

Azrul Ananda, President of Persebaya Surabaya shared the same sentiment  about the extension of the partnership.

“We are happy to finally be able to continue our collaboration with Football West,” he said in a press release.

“During several days in Perth, the Persebaya management team has received much information regarding a visit from the Persebaya senior team in July 2025 for mini training camps and other cultural activities.

“Thank you to Jamie Harnwell and friends at Football West, Western Australia Sport and Recreation Minister Mr David Templeman, and Consulate General of Indonesia Mrs Listiana Operananta for their big support.

“We believe that the agreement between Persebaya and Football West over the next three years will strengthen people-to-people relationships between the people of East Java and Western Australia.”

This MoU signifies a deepening relationship between football organisations in Western Australia and Indonesia.

It creates an official platform for talent sharing and the development of players, coaches, and officials through exchange programs.

By facilitating visits and collaborative activities, the partnership also promotes cultural understanding between the two regions.

This deal is very important for Western Australian football and its attempt to expand their Asian representation.

PFA Annual Report Highlights Key Concerns for A-League Players

The Professional Footballers Association (PFA) have released their 2024 Annual A-League Men’s report. This analysis has highlighted key successful areas of last season and importantly areas of growth in the league.

This review uses a wide range of data but importantly uses a strong player-based approach.

A key tool for data collection for this report is the A-League Men’s end-of-season survey conducted voluntarily online between May 7-31, 2024. This survey received 191 player responses, a record number with at least 13 players from each club.

The survey provides a comprehensive and representative source of player insights for policymakers, offering robust comparisons across the league.

Categorised below are some key factors of the report.

International Benchmarking

The Twenty-First Group’s World Super League model provides insights into the A-League Men’s (ALM) competitive positioning.

The analysis employed a machine learning approach, rating team strengths based on performance and player movements from ten relevant leagues over six seasons. The ALM ranks eighth among these competitions as a second-tier Asian league.

The salary cap system contributes to the consistent team strengths, with a slight overall decline in score over six years likely attributed to league expansion. Despite this, the ALM’s league ranking remained stable.

From a player development perspective, the analysis offers guidance for international transfers to leagues that offer promising development pathways for Australian players looking to progress in their international careers.

Transfer Revenue

The Australian A-League Men (ALM) has experienced a remarkable transformation in its transfer market dynamics as a significant talent production and export market over recent years.

In 2024, ALM clubs received at least $17.5 million in transfer fees, with the total value potentially exceeding $20 million, significantly up from the approx. $10 million in 2023 and the $2.5 million average in past seasons.

This growth represents a fundamental shift in the domestic men’s football economy. For the first time, transfer revenue is now surpassing broadcast revenue.

In the context of the broader market, while ALM revenues have grown quickly, they remain a fraction of those in slightly more advanced leagues.

AFC Club Competitions

Previously, AFC competitions were often more costly than beneficial.

However, in the new 3-tier continental club competitions for 2024, the AFC Champions League Elite (ACLE) qualifying for the eight-match group stage guarantees $1.23m, with an additional $150k per win. Champions can earn at least $18.5m.

The ACL2, Which CC Mariners won last season, provides $462k for group stage participation and $77k per win, with champions potentially earning up to $5m. ALM clubs receive one berth in both the top two tiers.

Under the current Collective Bargaining Agreement, players will receive an increasing share of prize money from the Round of 16 onwards.

Player Profiles

The PFA conducted a comprehensive analysis of match minutes across six leagues: A-League Men (ALM), J1 League, K League 1, MLS, Scottish Premiership, and Belgian Pro League.

The analysis revealed that Australian and Belgian leagues stood out, with over 10% of match minutes played by under 20s, compared to less than 5% in the other four competitions.

The introduction of scholarship players outside the salary cap has notably reduced the league’s average age, emphasizing its commitment to youth development.

Attendance

Average attendance for regular season matches has increased to 8,076 from 7,553 in 2022-23, but crowds have still not recovered to their pre-COVID levels.

Excluding the lowest attended teams of Western United and Macarthur FC the average attendance last season was 9,232, 14% higher than the 8,076 overall average.

Though the overall bias against crowd attendance can be assumed to be not as prevalent as people think, identifying this can help deal with the situations that hinder attendance.

Competitive balance

Competitive balance overall was strong with 7% of matches featuring a margin of four or more goals and 7% decided by three goals.

There was a tight race for the top 6 and the bottom two teams from 2022-23, Macarthur and Melbourne Victory, both made the finals, demonstrating the strong competitive balance of the ALM across seasons.

CBA Progress

Total player payments were around $57.8m in 2023-24, down slightly from the all-time high of $58.8m the previous season with the average payments per club being around $4.8m. This was well above the salary cap of $2.6m.

The vast majority of exempt payments from the cap were those to Marquee and Designated players. The average spend on Scholarship Players was just under $300k per club.

This report describes how revenues from transfer fees and a more lucrative AFC Champions League present new financial opportunities for our clubs.

Player Perceptions

According to the PFA end-of-season survey, 50% of ALM players were dissatisfied and 27% were very dissatisfied with how APL has performed in its management of the competition.

46% of players had ‘low trust’ in APL regarding developing a vision to improve the league.

The PFA was rated highest by the players, with 91% satisfied with its performance regarding ALM and 64% having high trust in the PFA to develop a vision.

In issues of the league, trajectory players outlined fan core experience as a centre stage with more than half including Broadcast (58%) and Atmosphere (51%) in their top three with Visibility and Branding/Marketing coming in second.

Workplace Safety

The PFA end-of-season survey uncovered concerning findings regarding the safety of ALM players’ workplaces.

11% of ALM players felt their club environment was either physically or psychologically unsafe and one in five players (20%) said they or a team-mate were unwilling to discuss issues with coaching staff and 16% with club management. 7% of players reported instances of players being forced to train alone at their clubs.

Though only a few clubs were reported on this, is still regarded as an industry issue.

Extreme weather

Last season one in six ALM matches was impacted by extreme weather with extreme heat the main culprit. 58% of players indicated the conditions impacted the players’ performances and 9% of player performances were hindered overall.

Club Index

Sydney FC was rated as the league’s best-performing club in the overall Club Performance Index, after placing in the top three for the sub-indices for Operations, Facilities, and Culture.

Pitch and atmosphere ratings

A-League players rated Wellington’s Sky Stadium with perfect marks for its pitch quality also and a four-star average for the match atmosphere.

Adelaide’s Coopers Stadium, AAMI Park, where also highly rated by ALM players with an average around the 4 stars mark. Victory home matches received an average of 4.4 for atmosphere.

The lowest rated were Newcastle’s McDonald Jones Stadium and Brisbane’s Suncorp Stadium, averaging just 2.1.

Though other factors are included for pitch quality like other events, Players should still not be subject to substandard and potentially dangerous conditions.

Conclusion

Though the report shows that in many aspects the sport is moving in the right direction, the responses from players on their welfare and on the need for more attendance is a worrying sign for the management.

This assessment is a strong example of the PFA’s dedication towards the sport in Australia and maintaining the strong relationship between the Football industry and the players themselves.

The key points of this report should be central to plans within A-League and Australian Football itself.

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